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Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1887, Houssay was the son of French immigrants. He graduated from pharmacy school at 14 and became a medical doctor at 23. Specializing in physiology, his research discovered the role of pituitary hormones in regulating the amount of glucose in animals and earned him the 1947 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. He died in 1971.

Finlay was a Cuban epidemiologist who graduated from Jefferson Medical College in 1855. He discovered that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes. Initially met with ridicule, Finlay helped the U.S. Army during the Spanish-American War by reducing outbreaks with his proposed mosquito control methods. The army was suffering more deaths from disease than from the war.

Known as 鈥渢he Hispanic whirlwind,鈥� Murillo-Rohde was a nurse, advocate, and educator. Originally from Panama, she immigrated to the U.S., where she eventually became the first Hispanic dean of nursing at New York University. She also founded the National Association of Hispanic Nurses, emphasizing the importance of attracting Hispanic people to nursing.

Novello was the 14th Surgeon General of the U.S., appointed by George H. W. Bush in 1990. She was the first woman and Hispanic to serve in this role. Before her appointment, she worked as a pediatric nephrologist before joining the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, where she was assigned to the National Institutes of Health. Novello was born in Puerto Rico.

A Spanish-born physician and biochemist, Ochoa is known for his research on enzymes. Eventually moving to the U.S. and working for New York University, his discovery of polynucleotide phosphorylase (which he named) led to him winning the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Volkow is a prominent Mexican psychiatrist and has been the director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse since 2003. She graduated from medical school in Mexico City and went to New York University for her residency. Volkow is recognized for her contribution to addiction medicine, pioneering the concept that addiction is a disease rather than a personal flaw.

Born in Indiana to an American mother and Cuban father, Au帽贸n-Chancellor is a physician, engineer, and astronaut. She spent six months on the International Space Station, researching cancer and Parkinson鈥檚 disease. Upon returning to earth, she entered academic medicine at the LSU Health Sciences Center in Baton Rouge and began working with COVID-19 patients.

Rodr铆guez Tr铆as was the first Latina director of the American Public Health Association. She was born in Puerto Rico, where she studied medicine. Rodr铆guez Tr铆as co-founded the Campaign to End Sterilization Abuse. Later, she focused her efforts on mothers and children with AIDS, serving as the head of the New York State Department of Health鈥檚 AIDS Institute.

Benacerraf was born in Venezuela and raised in France. After returning to Venezuela at the start of World War II, he then moved to the U.S. to attend medical school at Columbia University. Benacerraf won the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his contributions to the concept of immune response genes, helping to understand autoimmune diseases.